Modelling of the effect of dry periods on yielding of spring barley

The paper presents a weather-yield model developed for the purpose of estimating spring barley yield on the basis of dry spells occurring in individual periods between the phenological phases of that plant. For that purpose research material on spring barley, originating from the years 1976-1997, was used as well as diurnal sums of precipitation. Five periods were considered in the analysis: sowing-emergence, emergence-tillering, tillering-heading, heading-milk ripeness and milk ripeness-full ripeness. In the study a model of changes in the amount of water available for plant during rainless periods was used. Five measures were adopted for characterisation of the approximation error: correlation coefficient, mean relative error, relative root mean square error, model efficiency and coefficient of residual mass. The analyses performed demonstrated that yield reduction is significantly influenced by rainless periods that occur in the sowing-emergence and tillering-heading inter-phase periods. The adopted criteria for yield reduction estimation show considerable similarity for the emergence-tillering and heading-milk ripeness inter-phase periods. At the same time, their influence on yield reduction is three-fold lower than during the sowing-emergence and tillering-heading inter-phase periods. Analyses performed with the use of the developed model indicate that yield size is affected by rainless periods of duration longer than 30% of the inter-phase period.     

秋灌定额对越冬期土壤水盐运移分布的影响

通过盐渍化冻融土壤秋灌试验,研究了不同秋灌定额下越冬期间土壤含水率、盐分的变化情况。结果表明,秋灌定额为150～200 mm时,春播期土壤含水率基本适宜。秋灌定额对土壤盐分的动态影响较大,秋灌能够起到冲洗压盐的作用。但是秋灌定额不宜过大,秋灌前不实施耕作措施更有利于储水保墒。     

汤河水库分期汛限水位方案效益分析

水库汛期的蓄水担负着城市供水、工农业供水、发电等兴利任务。科学合理地优化水库分期汛限水位,是保障水库供水量和防洪安全的有效手段。以汤河水库为研究对象,提出水库分期汛限水位优化方案,并对调整分期汛限水位后水库增容产生的效益进行分析。     

Late nitrogen fertilization affects carbohydrate mobilization in wheat

An experiment was carried out to determine how the late application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer affects the use of pre‐anthesis carbon reserves during the grain‐filling period of pot‐grown wheat with no water shortage. Increasing doses (equivalent to 0, 140, and 180 kg N ha^–1) of N fertilizer were applied, either in two amendments (stages GS20 and GS30) or in three amendments (stages GS20, GS30, and GS37, according to Zadoks scale). The management of fertilizer by combining an increased N rate with late N application was able to stimulate canopy development, to raise photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate accumulation during the vegetative stages, and to increase grain yield. Based on the dynamics of carbohydrate accumulation in the ear, three phases were differentiated during the grain‐filling period, whose temporary pattern remained stable regardless of the fertilizer management. The net remobilization of carbohydrates started 12 d after anthesis from the leaves and 28 d after anthesis from roots and stems. The increase of the N dose with late N application allowed on one hand a lower use of the pre‐anthesis carbon reserves in favor of greater de novo photosynthesis during the grain‐filling period, and on the other hand greater relative contribution of the leaf and ear C reserves to remobilization towards the grain. Further splitting the dose increased only the relative contribution of ear C reserves. The stem contribution seemed to be independent of N applied whereas the root contribution tended to diminish with late N application.     

水稻不同需水关键期适宜灌水下限指标研究

在5 m2有底测坑内研究水稻拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期70%～90%土壤饱和含水率灌水下限对灌溉制度、渗漏量和产量等的影响。结果表明,不同灌水条件下,灌水次数、灌水模数、灌溉定额发生较大变化,灌水次数在本田期为28～37次,灌溉定额为8 190～9 450 m3/hm2,各处理渗漏量随着灌水量的降低而降低,渗漏量为灌水量的54.22%～64.25%,拔节孕穗期较抽穗开花期需水更敏感,拔节孕穗期应保持湿润状态,抽穗开花期适宜灌水下限为90%。     

棉花蕾期的栽培管理技术

棉株现蕾后即从营养生长进入生殖生长,但仍是营养生长占优势,以增大营养体为主。这一阶段的田间管理重点是在壮苗早发的基础上,采取合理的促控措施,调节棉株地上部和地下部、营养生长和生殖生长的关系,实现发棵稳长。发棵是高产的基础,稳长是高产的保证。     

播种期对薏苡生长及产量的影响

[目的]探究不同播种期对薏苡生长及产量的影响,选出适宜播种期。[方法]采用5个不同播种期、实行田间小区试验的方法。种植方式以窝行距60 cm×60 cm进行种植,每种种植期设3个小区,随机区组排列,小区面积80 m2。苗期以每穴4苗进行定苗。根据生长期进行两次追肥和除草,以及有关生长数据采集,测产验收。[结果]种植期对薏苡产量和生长都有很大的影响。播种期晚,将导致无效分蘖增多,侧枝减少,穗粒数降低,空瘪率高,千粒重减小,大籽粒所占百分率逐渐降低,最终产量降低,质量差。[结论]为了获得高产,播种期应选在清明节之前。     

高寒草地西北针茅生长发育特征及与气象因子的关系

利用1999～2009年连续11年的定位观测数据,研究了高寒草地西北针茅的生长发育特征与气象因子的关系。结果表明,在3月中旬,如果气温升高,返青日会推迟,这主要因为高温促使土壤水分蒸发,而土壤干旱阻碍返青;返青后,如果≥0℃的积温不足或累计日照时数不足,针茅的抽穗期会推迟;开花期的当日平均气温在10～20℃,如果抽穗-...     

围产期小尾寒羊血清T-SOD活性和MDA含量变化的研究

[目的]研究围产期小尾寒羊血清T-SOD活性和MDA含量的变化。[方法]选择20只年龄在2~5岁之间的小尾寒羊,其中10只为待产母羊,10只为空怀母羊,分别于产前20d、产前10d、产前1d、产后1d、产后10d、产后20d颈静脉采血,测定血清T-SOD活性和MDA含量。[结果]围产期小尾寒羊在整个围产期内血清中T-SOD活性呈先下降后逐渐升高的动态变化,其中,在产前1d出现最低值且围产期小尾寒羊T-SOD活性均低于空怀小尾寒羊;围产期小尾寒羊在整个围产期内血清中MDA含量呈先上升后逐渐下降的动态变化,其中,在产后1d出现最低值且围产期小尾寒羊MDA含量均高于空怀小尾寒羊。[结论]怀孕和分娩对小尾寒羊T-SOD活性和MDA含量有一定的影响。     

大豆蚜防治适期与防治指标研究

在辽宁,6月下旬大豆蚜种群增长最快,是大豆蚜防治的关键时期。日前,生产上推行百株蚜量一万头的防治指标,可放宽。辽河中下游平原铁丰18大豆,可放宽到2.38—4.07万头;辽豆3号放宽到2.65—3.30万头。以查蚜量为指标,生产上应用困难较大。经研究,卷叶株率与百株蚜量密切相关,(?)=4.283 1.8419x(r=0.90)所以提出以卷叶株率为大面积生产防治的指示指标,铁丰18为10%,辽豆3号为8%。